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FHT Aromatherapy Oil
Index

To display details of a specific Aromatherapy Oil
click on the relevant Oil name below

To display details of all Aromatherapy Oils in sequence click here
then use the "Next" link to display subsequent pages

Use the Oil Synonym Finder to locate alternate names
not found in the main Aromatherapy Oil Index

FHT Aromatherapy Oil Detail

Each essential oil is listed on the main aromatherapy index page and includes:

botanical (latin) name, family name, synonyms
botanical description and habitat
oil extraction method and production detail

safety detail
action (property) keyword list
blend with oil name list
constituent keyword list
subtle detail such as chakra, ruling signs and planets
usage keyword list and detail information with application method

The essential oil pages can be individually selected from the Aromatherapy Index page via links or viewed in alphabetic sequence using the Next links.

Additionally several supporting topics can be viewed from the main aromatherapy index page including:

Adulteration page with keywords and detail
Application method page with keywords and detail
Carrier Oil page with keywords and detail
Extraction method page with keywords and detail
Perfume Note page
Safety detail page with keywords and detail

Top

Black Pepper

Latin: Piper nigrum [Family: Piperaceae]

Black Pepper synonyms include Pepper, Piper nigrum, Piper.

Botanical / Habitat

A perennial vine growing to 15ft (5m) with heart-shaped leaves, white flowers, male and females are usually on separate plants. The berries turn from red to black as they mature and these fully grown dried fruits become black pepper. The vine only starts bearing fruit after 2 to 3 years and can continue for another 15 years. The taste and odour are pungent and characteristic. The vine is native to India. The genus consists of over 1,000 species.

Extraction / Production

The essential oil is extracted by steam distillation from the peppercorns and produces a colourless to pale olive liquid with a woody, spicy scent. Light and heavy oils are produced by the extraction of low and high boiling fractions. An oleoresin is also produced by solvent extraction. It is cultivated in tropical countries. Producers include China, India, Indonesia and Malaysia. It also distilled in Europe and USA from imported dried fruits. Black Pepper was used by the ancient Chinese, Greeks and Romans for its medical properties. Black Pepper has a middle note and is stimulating.

Black Pepper safety data includes:

excess causes irritation
- due to rubefacient properties
may cause skin irritation
- especially in high concentration
non-sensitising
toxicity
use in moderation

Note
Black Pepper is not compatible with homeopathy.

Black Pepper keyword actions include:

Analgesic, Anti-emetic, Anti-microbial, Anti-spasmodic, Anti-toxic, Antiseptic, Aperitif, Aphrodisiac, Bactericidal, Cardiac, Carminative, Digestive, Diuretic, Expectorant, Febrifuge, Laxative, Rubefacient, Splenic, Stimulant, Stomachic, Sudorific, Tonic.

Black Pepper blends with:

Frankincense, Geranium, Grapefruit, Lavender Bulgarian, Lemon, Marjoram Wild, Rosemary, Sandalwood, Sweet Basil, Ylang Ylang.

Black Pepper keyword constituents include:

Bisabolene, Camphene, Carene, Caryophyllene, Eugenol, Farnesene, Limonene, Monoterpenes, Mycrene, Myristicin, Oxygenated compounds, Phellandrene, Pinene, Sabinene, Safrole, Selinene, Sesquiterpenes, Thujene.

Black Pepper can be used for the Base chakra and promotes the flow of energy. It is especially useful in removing blocks that prevent energy movement between two chakras for example between the Heart and Solar Plexus chakras.

Black Pepper is ruled by the sign Aries, the planet Mars and the element Fire.

Also by 40 % of the First Ray, 20 % of the Sixth Ray and 40 % of the Seventh Ray.

Black Pepper keyword usage includes:

Ache, Anaemia, Angina, Appetite Loss, Arthritis, Blood Pressure Low, Catarrh, Chest, Chilblain, Chill, Cholera, Circulation, Circulation Poor, Colic, Colitis, Colon, Common Cold, Constipation, Cough, Cramp, Debility, Diarrhoea, Digestion, Dysentery, Fainting, Fever, Flatulence, Food Poisoning, Frigidity, Heartburn, Immune System, Indigestion, Infection, Influenza, Muscles, Nausea, Nervous, Neuralgia, Pain, Quinsy, Rheumatism, Stiffness, Stomach, Strain, Toothache, Urine, Vertigo, Vomiting.

Black Pepper detail usage includes:

Circulatory & Lymphatic System

for continuous, dull throbbing pain (ache) applied as bath, compress or massage.

for deficiency of oxygen carrying haemoglobin in the blood (anaemia).

for constricting or strangling pain (angina).

for low arterial blood pressure applied as bath or massage.

for stimulating the circulation system due to Stimulant action.

for problems of poor circulation due to Stimulant action applied as bath or massage.

for localised mild to unbearable sensation (pain) applied as bath, compress or massage.

Digestive System

for diminished hunger stimulus (appetite loss) due to Laxative action applied as massage.

for infection of the small intestine with profuse diarrhoea (cholera).

for waves of spasmodic pain of increasing intensity (colic) applied as massage.

for inflammation of the colon (colitis).

for the major part of the large intestine (colon) especially toning due to Laxative action.

for difficult or infrequent passing of solid waste (constipation) due to Stimulant action applied as bath or massage.

for frequency or volume of bowel movements (diarrhoea).

for sluggish digestion and relieving digestive spasm (digestion) due to Stimulant action applied as bath or massage.

for infection of the intestines (dysentery).

for abdominal discomfort or fullness (flatulence) applied as massage.

for illness caused by contaminated food or water (food poisoning) due to Laxative action.

for burning pain in centre of the chest (heartburn) applied as massage.

for gastric distress due to eating too much or too quickly (indigestion) applied as massage.

for the sensation of needing to vomit (nausea) applied as massage or vaporisation.

for spasms soothing stomach due to Laxative action.

for reflex action of ejecting contents of stomach (vomiting) applied as massage or vaporisation.

Immune System

for coldness and shivering (chill) applied as bath or massage.

for infection of the upper respiratory tract (common cold) applied as bath, massage, steam inhalation or vaporisation.

for body temperature rise above the normal (fever) especially of the intermittent type.

for overreaction of the immune system (hypersensitivity) helping to fight off infections and viruses.

for invasion of the body by harmful organisms (infection).

for viral infection of the respiratory tract (influenza) applied as bath, massage, steam inhalation or vaporisation.

Muscular System

for painful spasm in the muscles (cramp) applied as bath, compress or massage.

for helping with muscular ache and pain due to Rubefacient action.

for aches and pains affecting joints and muscles (rheumatism) due to Rubefacient action applied as bath, compress or massage.

for difficulty in moving a joint (muscular stiffness) applied as bath, compress or massage.

for excessive stretching of muscle fibre (strain) applied as compress.

Neurological System

for temporary loss of consciousness (fainting).

for stimulating the nervous system due to Stimulant action.

for severe burning or stabbing pain (neuralgia) applied as bath or massage.

Reproductive System

for lack of sexual desire (frigidity) applied as bath, massage, skin lotion, skin oil or vaporisation.

Respiration System

for excessive secretion of thick phlegm or mucus (catarrh) applied as massage, steam inhalation or vaporisation.

for expelling irritant particles by violent exhalation (cough) applied as massage, steam inhalation or vaporisation.

for abscess of soft tissue around tonsils (quinsy).

Skeletal System

for inflammation of the joints with pain, swelling and stiffness (arthritis) due to Rubefacient action applied as bath, compress, massage, skin lotion or skin oil.

for clearing mucus from the chest due to Expectorant action.

for pain felt as dull throb or sharp twinge (toothache).

The Skin

for itchy red swelling usually on toe or finger (chilblain) applied as neat application, skin lotion or skin oil.

Urinary System

for difficulty, discomfort or pain in passing urine (dysuria).

Emotional & Mental States

for general weakness and lack of energy (debility) and poor muscle tone applied as bath, massage or vaporisation.

for sensation that ones surroundings are constantly moving (vertigo).

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